Quick Answer
No, young shooters typically do not need their own Firearms Certificate (FAC) to participate in shooting activities, provided they are properly supervised by a responsible adult holding the appropriate certificate. Under 14s must always be under direct supervision. Those aged 14 to 17 can, in certain circumstances, apply for their own FAC if they meet specific criteria, demonstrate competence, and have a legitimate reason, though this is not a general requirement for participation.
Understanding FAC Requirements for Minors in the UK
The legal framework for firearms ownership and use in the UK is stringent, with specific provisions for young people. The primary aim is always safety and the responsible introduction of new participants to shooting sports.
Supervision is Key:
For most young people involved in shooting, the requirement is not for them to hold their own FAC, but to be supervised by an adult who does. This adult must be present and exercising continuous, direct control over the firearm and the young shooter. This applies to both rifles (Section 1 firearms) and shotguns (Section 2 firearms).
- Under 14 Years Old: A child under 14 years of age cannot legally have control of a Section 1 firearm or a Section 2 shotgun unless supervised by an adult aged 21 or over who holds a valid FAC or Shotgun Certificate (SGC) for the firearm in question. They cannot apply for or be granted their own FAC or SGC. This also applies to airguns, where supervision is required if they are not on private land with the landowner's permission.
- 14 to 17 Years Old: A young person in this age bracket has more allowances but still largely operates under supervision.
- They can possess and use airguns unsupervised on private land with the occupier's permission.
- They can use Section 1 firearms (e.g., rifles) or Section 2 shotguns under the direct supervision of an adult aged 21 or over who holds the relevant certificate. This is the common scenario at shooting clubs and cadet forces.
- Critically, those aged 14 to 17 can apply for their own FAC, or a Shotgun Certificate.
When Might a Young Person (14-17) Need Their Own FAC?
While not universally required, there are specific circumstances where a young person between 14 and 17 might legitimately apply for and be granted their own FAC. This typically occurs when the young person needs to possess a firearm unsupervised for a good reason, such as:
- Target Shooting: If they are a dedicated competitive target shooter who needs to transport their firearm to and from approved ranges independently, or store it securely at home under their own responsibility (with parental consent and appropriate security).
- Vermin Control: If they are involved in vermin control on specific private land with the landowner's permission, and it's deemed impractical or unnecessary for an adult to provide constant direct supervision for every instance.
Applying for an FAC as a Minor:
The process for a minor (14-17) applying for an FAC is similar to an adult's, but with additional considerations:
- Good Reason: They must demonstrate a genuine "good reason" for needing the firearm, such as club membership and competition participation, or legitimate vermin control.
- Competence and Maturity: The police will assess their maturity, understanding of firearms safety, and ability to handle the firearm safely and responsibly.
- Parental Consent: Written consent from a parent or legal guardian is mandatory. The parent or guardian will also be subject to checks regarding their suitability and home security arrangements.
- Secure Storage: The firearms must be stored securely at the applicant's address, often with parental oversight regarding access.
- Referees: Two referees are required, as with adult applications.
For a comprehensive guide on getting started, refer to our article on Young Shooters and Cadets: Getting Started Under 18. Understanding the distinction between certificate types is also important; our guide on Shotgun Certificate vs Firearms Certificate: Key Differences Every UK Shooter Should Know can clarify this.
The Role of Shooting Clubs and Cadet Forces
Shooting clubs and cadet organisations provide excellent, safe environments for young people to learn and participate in shooting sports without the immediate need for their own certificate.
- Club Probationary Membership: Many clubs welcome junior members under probationary schemes. During this period, juniors use club firearms under the direct supervision of qualified instructors or range officers. Understanding What Do Range Commands Mean at UK Rifle Clubs? is a vital first step for new participants.
- Cadet Forces: Cadet organisations provide structured training and shooting opportunities, again under strict supervision and using service-issued firearms.
These pathways allow young people to gain experience, demonstrate responsibility, and build competence before considering an individual FAC application.
Practical Bottom Line
While young shooters usually do not need their own FAC when supervised by an appropriately certificated adult, those aged 14-17 can apply for one under specific, justifiable circumstances. The focus is always on safety, demonstrating a good reason, and proving competence and maturity. Most young people can enjoy shooting sports safely and legally through supervised club activities or cadet programs without needing their own certificate. Always ensure full compliance with firearms law and prioritise responsible conduct.